Comparing regime types - 'most similar' cases in East Asia

The People's Republic of China (PRC), the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong, the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the Republic of Singapore represent different types of political regimes and provide a fascinating contrast concerning their performance with regard to the global conflict between liberal democracies and autocracies. This paper examines briefly their common historical backgrounds and provides a detailed analysis of common 'Asian' cultural features and popular support for democracy on the micro-level. It then systematically assesses their performance concerning liberal democracy and quality, governance scores, and socio-economic development. Finally, the reactions to the Covid-19 pandemic are documented showing again specific regime characteristics. We use most recent V-Dem, World Bank, United Nations Development Programme, World Values Surveys and similar data. The conclusions point to possible international consequences and the crucial position of Taiwan.

Evaluation of a virtual reality teaching concept for medical students during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted face-to-face teaching of medical students and forced efforts in finding alternative approaches. In order to help maintain high-quality education, a new virtual reality (VR)-based concept for training medical students in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) has been developed. This VR training concept is based on the integration of real patient data with two-and three-dimensional visualized pathological joints from X-ray and computed tomography generated images. Objectives: To evaluate the practicability and acceptance of the VR training application in the digital curricular education of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A short refresher lecture on rheumatic diseases (duration 60 minutes) was followed by presenting the VR training concept to the students. The VR training concept included the demonstration of three virtual patients with early rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis psoriatic arthritis regarding the symptoms, current medical problems, disease patterns at the imaging (conventional radiographs and high-resolution computed tomography) and therapy options. The practicability and acceptance of the VR was evaluated by medical students using a survey. Results: The study encompassed 237 medical students (163 female, 73 male, one diverse, age range 20 to 40 years). 72 % of the participants rated the virtual teaching as good or very good. 87 % presented an expanded knowledge for rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis through the VR. Moreover, 91 % reported that the lecture provided a deeper understanding of RMD. Furthermore, 60 % of the students asked for additional courses by VR. Conclusion: The study highlighted the usefulness of innovative VR tools for teaching medical students digitally about RMD. VR applications can be a complementary educational modality for medical students, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, to provide students with the best possible clinical experience while ensuring that patient, student, and staff safety is not compromised.

[Biological therapy after COVID-19 infection : No reactivation of a COVID-19 infection with positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody status under biological therapy]. / Biologikatherapie nach COVID-19-Infektion : Keine Reaktivierung einer COVID-19-Infektion bei positivem Antikörperstatus SARS-CoV-2 unter Biologikatherapie.

A case with rheumatoid arthritis and insufficient compensation under disease-modifying combined long-term therapy with methotrexate and leflunomide is reported. After recovery from a COVID-19 infection, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor therapy was initiated. Until now no reactivation of the COVID-19 infection with positive SARS-CoV­2 antibody status has occurred.